Who is Charles I of England?

Charles I of England is King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649.

How did Charles I of England die?

Charles I of England passed away in 1649 (decapitation).

What is Charles I of England known for?

Charles I of England is primarily known as a(n) politician, monarch, art collector.

Who is Charles I of England connected to?

Charles I of England is connected to: Anne of Denmark, James VI and I, Charles II of England, James II of England.

Charles I of England

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649

Born:November 19, 1600

Died:January 30, 1649

Age at death:48

Manner of death:Capital Punishment

Cause of death:Decapitation

Zodiac Sign:Scorpio

Born in:Dunfermline Palace, United Kingdom

Buried in:United Kingdom

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Charles I of England

King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1625 to 1649

Biography

Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland. After his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 upon the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to Infanta Maria Anna of Spain culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623, which demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, shortly after his accession, he married Henrietta Maria of France. After his accession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the English Parliament, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. He believed in the divine right of kings and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without Parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall. From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645 at the hands of the Parliamentarian New Model Army, he fled north from his base at Oxford. Charles surrendered to a Scottish force and, after lengthy negotiations between the English and Scottish parliaments, was handed over to the Long Parliament in London. Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, he allied with Scotland, but by the end of 1648, the New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy was restored in 1660, with Charles's son Charles II as king.

This biography uses content from the Wikipedia article “Charles I of England”, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Quotes

“Princes are not bound to give an account of their Actions but to God alone.”

— Declaration on the dissolution of Parliament (10 March 1628)

“You desire a preservation of the liberties; it is good, but for God's sake do not spend so much time that a foreign enemy may hazard both liberties and prerogative... Therefore go on without distrust. I must tell you so, and it is for you to believe me that sit at the helm.”

— Speech to the Speaker of the House of Commons and Members of Parliament at the Banqueting House (14 April 1628), quoted in Commons Debates 1628. Volume II: 17 March–19 April 1628, eds. Robert C. Johnson and Maija Jansson Cole (1977), pp. 455-456

“Since I see all the birds are flown, I do expect from you that you will send them unto me as soon as they return hither. But, I assure you on the word of a king, I never did intend any force, but shall proceed against them in a legal and fair way, for I never meant any other.”

— Statement in the House of Commons after failing to arrest five members (4 January 1642), from the journal of Sir Simonds d'Ewes

Quotes sourced from the Wikiquote article "Charles I of England", available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Photos

Description "This image of Charles I may have been conceived as an official state portrait. It was much copied and was sometimes accompanied by a portrait of the Queen. The painting contains all the elements of a state portrait: a grand setting, the king shown virtually full-face, motionless and composed, dressed in ermine-lined robes with the orb and sceptre clearly visible. His Van Dyck has aimed to overcome the problem of the King's modest stature, by taking a low vantage point and looking upwards, to increase the illusion of height. There is a pentimento at the base of the column, suggesting the position of the crown may have been slightly lowered. The portrait was painted for the King, possibly to form part of the royal family portrait gallery in the Cross Gallery at Somerset House. It was sold in 1649, but later restored to the monarchy. Many copies are recorded, both in the full length format as here and in an abbreviated three-quarter length version, as well as separate copies of the head alone."

Charles I of England

The 12 contents pages of the Reliquiae Sacrae Carolinae of Charles I of England, first edition, 1650.

Detail of a helmet crest in the form of dragon on a boy’s armour, about 1610, II.126. Royal Armouries, <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/?ref=chooser-v1" rel="noreferrer nofollow">CC BY 4.0</a> This armour was designed for a boy and made in about 1610. We don't know who it was made for, but it is now thought that it may have been an armourer's demonstration piece or, more likely, it was made for Charles, Duke of Albany (later King Charles I). Although the proportions of the armour are small, even for a child, Charles was a sickly boy who suffered from rickets. In about 1636, Charles I was sculpted by Herbert Le Sueur wearing this helmet, although he would have outgrown it. The helmet and pauldrons are decorated with the faces of mythical beasts, in addition to the dragon that climbs over the skull. The slaying of a dragon is key to the story of St George, the patron saint of England. This image is part of our <a href="https://royalarmouries.org/objects-and-stories/up-close-online-exhibition" rel="noreferrer nofollow">Up Close</a> online exhibition, which was made possible with funding from The <a href="https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/" rel="noreferrer nofollow">National Lottery Heritage Fund</a>. Thanks to National Lottery players, we have been able to use digital to enable our audiences to explore our collection in new and exciting ways.

List of members of parliament proposed to Dr. Henry Sacheverell, 1710 An Alphabetique List of the right Honorable The Lords And also of those Members of the Honorable House Of Common's in England and Wales that were for Dr. Henry Sacheverell (title on object) A.B.C.-Register of the very esteemed Lords, as well as of the Members of the esteemed House of Municipalities in England & Wales who have been for Dr. Henry Sacheverell (title on object) List of members of the English Parliament who are involved in the trial of the English preacher Dr. Henry Sacheverell voted for him, February-March 1710. Central portrait of Sacheverell surrounded by six bishops and the front of St. Paul's in London. Part of a group of separate cartoons on Louis XIV during the War of the Spanish Succession, c. 1701-1713. print maker: Abraham Allard (mentioned on object) after print by: anonymous

A nightcap worn by Charles I, kept at the Carisbrooke Castle Museum, Isle of Wight

Jones Point Lighthouse and District of Columbia South Cornerstone

How King Charles and his army quartered in the fields being past Newcastle on a march towards Scotland, 1639

Exhibit in the Aga Khan Museum - Toronto, Canada. This work is old enough so that it is in the public domain. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction.