Richard I of England

King of England from 1189 to 1199

Photo by: Matthew Paris · Public Domain · Wikimedia Commons

Born:September 8, 1157

Died:April 6, 1199

Age at death:41

Manner of death:Homicide

Cause of death:Gangrene

Zodiac Sign:Virgo

Born in:Beaumont Palace, United Kingdom

Buried in:France

Languages:Old Occitan, medieval Latin, Old French

Monarch Composer Poet

Related People

Father: Henry II of England

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Photo credits (2)

Richard I of England:
Photo by: Matthew Paris · Public Domain · Wikimedia Commons
Henry II of England:
Photo by: John Chapman · Public Domain · Wikimedia Commons

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Famous For

Notable Work

Lyrical poems

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Ia nus hons pris ne dira sa raisonLyrical poems

Richard I of England

King of England from 1189 to 1199

Biography

Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199), known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard Cœur de Lion (Old Norman French: Quor de Lion) because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior, was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine, and Gascony; Lord of Cyprus; Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes; and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and was therefore not expected to become king, but his two elder brothers predeceased their father. By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France. Despite achieving several victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, he was ultimately forced to end his campaign without retaking Jerusalem. Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan, and based on the testimony of Roger of Howden, most likely understood Middle English. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming Duke of Aquitaine, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession to the crown of England, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his reign was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending the French portions of the Angevin Empire. Though regarded as a model king and a paragon of chivalry during the four centuries after his death and viewed as a pious and chivalrous hero by his subjects, he was later perceived by historians as a ruler who treated the kingdom of England merely as a source of revenue for his armies rather than a land entrusted to his stewardship. This "Little England" view of Richard has come under increasing scrutiny from modern scholars who regard it as anachronistic and point out his wider continental responsibilities as a ruler. Richard I is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.

This biography uses content from the Wikipedia article “Richard I of England”, available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Quotes

“We, however, place the love of God and His honour above our own and above the acquisition of many regions.”

— Richard on King Philip II of France's early departure from the Third Crusade; Quoted in Christopher Tyerman, God's War: A New History of the Crusades, Harvard University Press, 2006, (p.455). [specific citation needed] (from primary source)

“If it had not been for his malice, forcing me to return, I would have been able to recover the whole of Outremer. Then, when I was in prison he conspired to keep me there so that he could steal my lands.”

— Richard, on his betrayal by King Philip; quoted in John Gillingham, Richard I (1999), p. 319

“Stick to your own grammar, my lord, for it is much better.”

— Richard on being corrected by the Bishop of Coventry; The Plantagenets - Harvey[specific citation needed]

Quotes sourced from the Wikiquote article "Richard I of England", available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License.

Photos

Richard I of England in the Brief Abridgement of the Chronicles of England.

A portrait from the Welsh Portrait Collection at the National Library of Wales. Depicted person: Richard I of England – King of England from 1189 to 1199 (1157–1199)

Page 127r of Bibliotheque nationale de France manuscript 12559, one of two copies of the Livre du Chevalier Errant by Thomas III of Saluzzo. The text tells a summarised version of a medieval story known as the Pas Saladin where Richard Coeur de Lion and a small group of knights defend a pass or bridge from Saladin. The miniature illustrates the bridge.

Identificatie Titel(s): Koningen Hendrik II, Richard Leeuwenhart en Jan zonder Land ~ Koningen en koninginnen van Engeland (serietitel) Objecttype: prent Serienummer: 3/7 Objectnummer: RP-P-OB-10.201 Catalogusreferentie: The Illustrated Bartsch 221 ~ Hollstein Dutch 279 Opschriften / Merken: verzamelaarsmerk, verso linksonder, gestempeld: Lugt 240 Omschrijving: Drie mannen met een wapenschild en een zwaard. De middelste koning (Richard Leeuwenhart) drukt met zijn voet een leeuw ter aarde. Op de achtergrond vaag een landschap. Deze prent is onderdeel van een achtdelige serie prenten van koningen en koninginnen van Engeland (ongenummerd titelblad en zeven genummerde prenten met twee tot vier figuren). Vervaardiging Vervaardiger: prentmaker: Hendrick Goltzius, naar eigen ontwerp van: Hendrick Goltzius, uitgever: Hendrick Goltzius Plaats vervaardiging: Haarlem Datering: 1584 Fysieke kenmerken: gravure Materiaal: papier Techniek: graveren (drukprocedé) Afmetingen: blad: h 144 mm × b 290 mm Onderwerp Wat: king Wie: Hendrik II (koning van Engeland) Verwerving en rechten Verwerving: overdracht van beheer 1816 Copyright: Publiek domein

King Richard the Lionheart (1157 - 1199) in Dürnstein, Lower Austria, EU

King Richard at the Siege of Acre, by Harold DeLay

Prosper Mérimée (1803-1870) Fontevraud. Relevé du gisant de Richard Cœur de Lion, 1834 Encre et gouache - 12,5 x 19,8 cm Charenton-le-Pont, Médiathèque du patrimoine et de la photographie Photo : Didier Rykner